59 research outputs found
Thermal-Infrared Remote Target Detection System for Maritime Rescue based on Data Augmentation with 3D Synthetic Data
This paper proposes a thermal-infrared (TIR) remote target detection system
for maritime rescue using deep learning and data augmentation. We established a
self-collected TIR dataset consisting of multiple scenes imitating human rescue
situations using a TIR camera (FLIR). Additionally, to address dataset scarcity
and improve model robustness, a synthetic dataset from a 3D game (ARMA3) to
augment the data is further collected. However, a significant domain gap exists
between synthetic TIR and real TIR images. Hence, a proper domain adaptation
algorithm is essential to overcome the gap. Therefore, we suggest a domain
adaptation algorithm in a target-background separated manner from 3D
game-to-real, based on a generative model, to address this issue. Furthermore,
a segmentation network with fixed-weight kernels at the head is proposed to
improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and provide weak attention, as remote
TIR targets inherently suffer from unclear boundaries. Experiment results
reveal that the network trained on augmented data consisting of translated
synthetic and real TIR data outperforms that trained on only real TIR data by a
large margin. Furthermore, the proposed segmentation model surpasses the
performance of state-of-the-art segmentation methods.Comment: 12 page
Automatic Internal Stray Light Calibration of AMCW Coaxial Scanning LiDAR Using GMM and PSO
In this paper, an automatic calibration algorithm is proposed to reduce the
depth error caused by internal stray light in amplitude-modulated continuous
wave (AMCW) coaxial scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Assuming that
the internal stray light generated in the process of emitting laser is static,
the amplitude and phase delay of internal stray light are estimated using the
Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO).
Specifically, the pixel positions in a raw signal amplitude map of calibration
checkboard are segmented by GMM with two clusters considering the dark and
bright image pattern. The loss function is then defined as L1-norm of
difference between mean depths of two amplitude-segmented clusters. To avoid
overfitting at a specific distance in PSO process, the calibration check board
is actually measured at multiple distances and the average of corresponding L1
loss functions is chosen as the actual loss. Such loss is minimized by PSO to
find the two optimal target parameters: the amplitude and phase delay of
internal stray light. According to the validation of the proposed algorithm,
the original loss is reduced from tens of centimeters to 3.2 mm when the
measured distances of the calibration checkboard are between 1 m and 4 m. This
accurate calibration performance is also maintained in geometrically complex
measured scene. The proposed internal stray light calibration algorithm in this
paper can be used for any type of AMCW coaxial scanning LiDAR regardless of its
optical characteristics
Highly precise AMCW time-of-flight scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation
In this paper, a novel amplitude-modulated continuous wave (AMCW)
time-of-flight (ToF) scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation is
proposed and demonstrated in the aspect of distance measurement precision.
Since digital-parallel demodulation utilizes a high-amplitude demodulation
signal with zero-offset, the proposed sensor platform can maintain extremely
high demodulation contrast. Meanwhile, as all cross correlated samples are
calculated in parallel and in extremely short integration time, the proposed
sensor platform can utilize a 2D laser scanning structure with a single photo
detector, maintaining a moderate frame rate. This optical structure can
increase the received optical SNR and remove the crosstalk of image pixel
array. Based on these measurement properties, the proposed AMCW ToF scanning
sensor shows highly precise 3D depth measurement performance. In this study,
this precise measurement performance is explained in detail. Additionally, the
actual measurement performance of the proposed sensor platform is
experimentally validated under various conditions
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Is poststroke complex regional pain syndrome the combination of shoulder pain and soft tissue injury of the wrist?: A prospective observational study STROBE of ultrasonographic findings in complex regional pain syndrome
Patients with poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) show different symptoms compared to other types of CRPS, as they usually complain of shoulder and wrist pain with the elbow relatively spared. It is thus also known by the term “shoulder-hand syndrome.”
The aim of this study is to present a possible pathophysiology of poststroke CRPS through ultrasonographic observation of the affected wrist before and after steroid injection at the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon in patients suspected with poststroke CRPS.
Prospective evaluation and observation, the STROBE guideline checklist was used.
Twenty-three patients diagnosed as poststroke CRPS in accordance to clinical criteria were enrolled. They had a Three Phase Bone Scan (TPBS) done and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of EDC tendon was measured by using ultrasonography. They were then injected with steroid at the EDC tendon. The CSA of EDC tendon, visual analogue scale (VAS), and degree of swelling of the wrist were followed up 1 week after the injection.
TPBS was interpreted as normal for 4 patients, suspected CRPS for 10 patients, and CRPS for 9 patients. Ultrasonographic findings of the affected wrist included swelling of the EDC tendon. After the injection of steroid to the wrist, CSA and swelling of the affected wrist compared to that before the treatment was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The VAS score declined significantly after the injection (P < 0.001).
Our results suggest that the pathophysiology of poststroke CRPS might be the combination of frozen shoulder or rotator cuff tear of shoulder and soft tissue injury of the wrist caused by the hemiplegic nature of patients with stroke
Switching of Slow Magnetic Relaxation Dynamics in Mononuclear Dysprosium(III) Compounds with Charge Density
The symmetry around a Dy ion is recognized to be a crucial parameter dictating magnetization relaxation dynamics. We prepared two similar square-antiprismatic complexes, [Dy(LOMe)2(H2O)2](PF6) (1) and Dy(LOMe)2(NO3) (2), where LOMe = [CpCo{P(O)(O(CH3))2}3], including either two neutral water molecules (1) or an anionic nitrate ligand (2). We demonstrated that in this case relaxation dynamics is dramatically affected by the introduction of a charged ligand, stabilizing the easy axis of magnetization along the nitrate direction. We also showed that the application of either a direct-current field or chemical dilution effectively stops quantum tunneling in the ground state of 2, thereby increasing the relaxation time by over 3 orders of magnitude at 3.5 K.FP7-ERC-247384ERC-2014-CoG/ 647301MAT2014-56143-RCTQ2014-52758-PMDM-2015-0538The symmetry around a Dy ion is recognized to be a crucial parameter dictating magnetization relaxation dynamics. We prepared two similar square-antiprismatic complexes, [Dy(LOMe)2(H2O)2](PF6) (1) and Dy(LOMe)2(NO3) (2), where LOMe = [CpCo{P(O)(O(CH3))2}3], including either two neutral water molecules (1) or an anionic nitrate ligand (2). We demonstrated that in this case relaxation dynamics is dramatically affected by the introduction of a charged ligand, stabilizing the easy axis of magnetization along the nitrate direction. We also showed that the application of either a direct-current field or chemical dilution effectively stops quantum tunneling in the ground state of 2, thereby increasing the relaxation time by over 3 orders of magnitude at 3.5 K
A Prediction Rule to Identify Severe Cases among Adult Patients Hospitalized with Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009
The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction rule for severe illness in adult patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009. At the time of initial presentation, the baseline characteristics of those with severe illness (i.e., admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death) were compared to those of patients with non-severe illnesses. A total of 709 adults hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were included: 75 severe and 634 non-severe cases. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that altered mental status, hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 250), bilateral lung infiltration, and old age (≥ 65 yr) were independent risk factors for severe cases (all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (0.834 [95% CI, 0.778-0.890]) of the number of risk factors were not significantly different with that of APACHE II score (0.840 [95% CI, 0.790-0.891]) (P = 0.496). The presence of ≥ 2 risk factors had a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value than an APACHE II score of ≥ 13. As a prediction rule, the presence of ≥ 2 these risk factors is a powerful and easy-to-use predictor of the severity in adult patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009
Molecular diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis by multi-gene target sequencing in Korea: matching with osmotic fragility test and presence of spherocyte
Background
Current diagnostic tests for hereditary spherocytosis (HS) focus on the detection of hemolysis or indirectly assessing defects of membrane protein, whereas direct methods to detect protein defects are complicated and difficult to implement. In the present study, we investigated the patterns of genetic variation associated with HS among patients clinically diagnosed with HS.
Methods
Multi-gene targeted sequencing of 43 genes (17 RBC membrane protein-encoding genes, 20 RBC enzyme-encoding genes, and six additional genes for the differential diagnosis) was performed using the Illumina HiSeq platform.
Results
Among 59 patients with HS, 50 (84.7%) had one or more significant variants in a RBC membrane protein-encoding genes. A total of 54 significant variants including 46 novel mutations were detected in six RBC membrane protein-encoding genes, with the highest number of variants found in SPTB (n = 28), and followed by ANK1 (n = 19), SLC4A1 (n = 3), SPTA1 (n = 2), EPB41 (n = 1), and EPB42 (n = 1). Concurrent mutations of genes encoding RBC enzymes (ALDOB, GAPDH, and GSR) were detected in three patients. UGT1A1 mutations were present in 24 patients (40.7%). Positive rate of osmotic fragility test was 86.8% among patients harboring HS-related gene mutations.
Conclusions
This constitutes the first large-scaled genetic study of Korean patients with HS. We demonstrated that multi-gene target sequencing is sensitive and feasible that can be used as a powerful tool for diagnosing HS. Considering the discrepancies of clinical and molecular diagnoses of HS, our findings suggest that molecular genetic analysis is required for accurate diagnosis of HS.Support was provided by: the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2017R1A2A1A17069780) http://www.nrf.re.kr/
Significant changes in synovial fluid microRNAs after high tibial osteotomy in medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis: Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers.
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a well-established treatment for medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in osteoarthritis progression and are useful as osteoarthritis-related biomarkers. In this prospective study, we investigated differentially expressed microRNAs in the synovial fluid (SF) before and after HTO in patients with medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis to identify microRNAs that can be used as prognostic biomarkers. We used miRNA-PCR arrays to screen for miRNAs in SF samples obtained preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively from 6 patients with medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis who were treated with medial open wedge HTO. Differentially expressed miRNAs identified in the profiling stage were validated by real-time quantitative PCR in 22 other patients who had also been treated with HTO. All patients radiographically corresponded to Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III with medial compartmental osteoarthritis. These patients were clinically assessed using a visual analogue scale and Western Ontario McMaster Universities scores. Mechanical axis changes were measured on standing anteroposterior radiographs of the lower limbs assessed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Among 84 miRNAs known to be involved in the inflammatory process, 14 were expressed in all SF specimens and 3 (miR-30a-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-30c-5p) were differentially expressed in the profiling stage. These 3 miRNAs, as well as 4 other miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-27b-3p), are related to osteoarthritis progression. These results were validated in the SF from 22 patients. Clinical and radiological outcomes improved after HTO in all patients, and only 2 miRNAs (miR-30c-5p and miR-23a-3p) were significantly differentially expressed between preoperative and postoperative 6-month SF samples (p = 0.006 and 0.007, respectively). Of these two miRNAs, miR-30c-5p correlated with postoperative pain relief. This study provides potential prognostic miRNAs after HTO and further investigations should be considered to determine clinical implications of these miRNAs
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